[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
19, 54, 68, 71;
3, 51, 66, 71, 74;
57, 82;
18 19, 51;
37;
37, 80;
37, 91;
57, 82, 88;
82;
6, 29, 34, 46, 51, 54 5, 65, 71, 75, 77, 79, 81;
30, 53, 56, 80;
28, 30, 53, 56 7, 70, 79 80, 88;
13, 54;
72, 74;
7, 37, 53, 82;
37;
4, 7, 11, 49, 66, 71, 77, 85;
4;
46, 51, 54, 65, 71;
82
consonants 2 4, 24;
clusters 6 7, 26, 51, 56, 68, 81, 83 4, 89 90;
geminate 4, 25 6;
letters 3 4, 13, 17 21, 25 7, 29, 44, 56, 68, 74 5, 77, 83;
tongue-tip (alveolar) 83;
see also -doubling;
consonant phonemes;
consonant spellings;
lost consonants
context, relevant 2 3, 6 10, 15, 19 20, 22, 26, 33, 36, 39, 47, 51, 53, 65, 80, 91
continuants 50
correspondence rules 3, 31 2, 37, 53, 57 8, 80, 89 90
creative spelling 62, 65
Cut Spelling 67 71, 95
dark /l/ 37
deletion of 20, 43, 75 6, 91
derived forms 26, 41, 71, 78 81, 91 2;
see also related forms
dictionaries 11, 38 9, 41, 43, 64, 66, 76, 81, 87
digraphs 4, 70;
consonant 17, 30, 71;
vowel 4, 15, 27, 65, 68, 70 1, 76, 82
diphthongs 4 5, 9 10, 14 15, 86
divergence 28, 30 2, 53, 80
Donne, John 78
doubled consonant letters see -doubling
-marking:
of long vowels 27, 43, 55, 65, 68, 70 1, 75 6, 84, 89;
of particular consonants 43, 57, 75 6, 81, 89
economy 68 9
embarrassing names 50
emphasis 62
empty letters 30, 37, 48 9, 80, 84, 86
exceptions 22 3, 42 4, 54, 64, 75, 77 8, 80, 84, 87
exotic words 18 19, 77, 82, 84;
names 49
foreign learners 34, 67, 90
Franklin, Benjamin 64
free forms 25 6, 42 4, 46, 56, 78, 81, 85, 87 8
free vowels 9
French 2, 18, 23, 38, 41 2, 44 6, 48, 75, 80 2, 84, 90 1;
accent marks 81
fricatives 7, 82
function words 27, 36, 54, 61 2, 69, 76 7, 79
gender 44, 50, 88 90, 92
grammatical words see function words
graphic symbols 11
graphotactic rules 54 5, 57
Greek 2, 19, 26, 45, 65, 79 82, 87 8
homographs 33 9, 66, 68 9, 71, 76, 84
homonyms 34, 84 5
homophones 29, 33 40, 46 7, 58 9, 66, 68, 72, 82, 84 6, 88 9, 91;
endings 40 7;
prefixes 40, 46 7
hyphens 55, 60 1, 63, 92, 95
I pronoun 62
inert letters 30, 37, 80, 91
inflections (, , , , ) 56, 76;
see also under suffixes
informal/formal pronunciation 26, 39, 46, 90
interference errors 59, 90
intrusive /r/ 11
Irish English 7, 10, 37, 82
irregularity in spelling 31, 48 52, 71 2, 79, 83 4, 87, 89 90
jargon 51
Johnson, Dr Samuel 81
jumbling 58 9
justified text 55
Lancashire 10
Latin/Latinate 11, 13, 15, 17 19, 23 27, 34, 41 3, 45 6, 65, 79 81, 87, 90
lexeme 34, 43, 85
lexical 20 1, 75, 85
lexical errors 59, 89 90
lexical words 22, 27, 34, 54, 61, 69, 76 7, 79, 84
linking /r/ 10
Page 98
literacy 1 2, 4, 12, 26, 34, 53, 57, 59, 67, 69 70, 72
loan-words 17, 19, 23, 44, 65, 67, 75, 80, 82 3, 88, 90 1
local pronunciation see names
logo 2
look-alikes see homographs
lost consonants 4, 10 11, 13, 36, 82
LPD 11, 49, 88, 94
malapropisms 89 90
markers 13, 27, 43, 45, 49, 56 7, 60, 62, 65, 69, 72, 80, 84, 91;
of emphasis 62;
of foreign loans 17, 23, 38, 77;
of /g/ 37, 80, 91;
of long vowels 9, 16, 19, 21, 49, 54, 68 70, 72, 74, 76, 82;
of short vowels 16, 18 21, 23 4, 26, 54, 71 2, 74, 76 7;
of /ð/ 21, 75
meaning 11, 18, 24 6, 33 4, 38, 40, 45 6, 58, 61 2, 81, 85, 87 8
mergers 58 9
Merseyside 35
metaphor 38, 90
metathesis 54, 58, 90
Middle English 15 16, 74
minimal free forms 19 21, 35, 44, 78 9, 87
minims 91
mistakes, spelling 9, 40 1, 47, 51, 53, 57 9, 61 2, 68, 88, 90 1
monosyllabic words 21, 76, 84, 88
morpheme boundary 25, 36, 49, 55, 85
morphemes 3 4, 15 16, 18 19, 21, 34 5, 43, 49, 55, 75 6, 78, 80 1, 85, 91;
bound/free 4;
constant spelling of 14, 19, 76, 80, 91
names 48 52, 54, 56, 61 2, 71, 79, 82;
foreign 19, 49, 82;
irregular spellings 47, 49 52, 89;
of letters 2, 14;
local pronunciation of 48, 51;
padding 89;
personal 11, 17, 22, 48 50, 62, 75, 89;
place 49, 51 2, 62;
Scottish 7;
shortened 50;
trade 2, 50, 62, 65;
Welsh 17
native English speakers 3, 34, 48
native words 15, 18 9, 21 3, 26, 43, 48 9, 74, 79 81, 83, 87, 90 1
New Spelling 70 1
north of England 4, 8, 46, 83
nouns 9, 26, 34, 40 6, 61 2, 64 5, 69, 77 8, 81, 84 5, 87, 92;
count nouns, mass nouns 92
OED 42 4, 46, 77, 94
Old English 23
performance errors 57, 59
phoneme and letter 4 5
phonemes, establishing 2 11
phrases 58, 61
plural 31, 34 6, 55, 61 2, 75, 77, 84, 92
possessive 55, 61 2, 92
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]